Data

Urban land area

What you should know about this indicator

How is this data described by its producer?

Urban land area in square kilometers, based on a combination of population counts (persons), settlement points, and the presence of Nighttime Lights. Areas are defined as urban where contiguous lighted cells from the Nighttime Lights or approximated urban extents based on buffered settlement points for which the total population is greater than 5,000 persons.

Statistical concept and methodology:

The Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1) urban extent grid distinguishes urban and rural areas based on a combination of population counts (persons), settlement points, and the presence of Nighttime Lights . Areas are defined as urban where contiguous lighted cells from the Nighttime Lights or approximated urban extents based on buffered settlement points for which the total population is greater than 5,000 persons. This dataset is produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), The World Bank, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)

Source
Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - NASA SEDAC Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ), via World Bank (2026)processed by Our World in Data
Last updated
February 27, 2026
Next expected update
February 2027
Date range
1990–2015
Unit
sq. km

Sources and processing

Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - NASA SEDAC Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ), via World Bank – World Development Indicators

The World Development Indicators (WDI) database, published by the World Bank, is a comprehensive collection of global development data, providing key economic, social, and environmental statistics. It includes over 1,500 indicators covering more than 200 countries and territories, with data spanning several decades.WDI serves as a vital resource for policymakers, researchers, businesses, and analysts seeking to understand global trends and make data-driven decisions. The database covers a wide range of topics, including economic growth, education, health, poverty, trade, energy, infrastructure, governance, and environmental sustainability.The indicators are sourced from reputable national and international agencies, ensuring high-quality, consistent, and comparable data. Users can access the database through interactive online tools, API services, and downloadable datasets, facilitating detailed analysis and visualization.WDI is also used for tracking progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other global development initiatives. By providing accessible and reliable statistics, it helps to inform policy discussions and strategies globally.Whether for academic research, policy planning, or economic analysis, the World Development Indicators database is an essential tool for understanding and addressing global development challenges.

Retrieved on
February 27, 2026
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, Version 2, Center For International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - Columbia University, uri: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/sedac-ciesin-sedac-lecz-urplaev2-2.00, publisher: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), date published: 2013. Indicator AG.LND.TOTL.UR.K2 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.UR.K2). World Development Indicators - World Bank (2026). Accessed on 2026-02-27.

The World Development Indicators (WDI) database, published by the World Bank, is a comprehensive collection of global development data, providing key economic, social, and environmental statistics. It includes over 1,500 indicators covering more than 200 countries and territories, with data spanning several decades.WDI serves as a vital resource for policymakers, researchers, businesses, and analysts seeking to understand global trends and make data-driven decisions. The database covers a wide range of topics, including economic growth, education, health, poverty, trade, energy, infrastructure, governance, and environmental sustainability.The indicators are sourced from reputable national and international agencies, ensuring high-quality, consistent, and comparable data. Users can access the database through interactive online tools, API services, and downloadable datasets, facilitating detailed analysis and visualization.WDI is also used for tracking progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other global development initiatives. By providing accessible and reliable statistics, it helps to inform policy discussions and strategies globally.Whether for academic research, policy planning, or economic analysis, the World Development Indicators database is an essential tool for understanding and addressing global development challenges.

Retrieved on
February 27, 2026
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, Version 2, Center For International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - Columbia University, uri: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/sedac-ciesin-sedac-lecz-urplaev2-2.00, publisher: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), date published: 2013. Indicator AG.LND.TOTL.UR.K2 (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.UR.K2). World Development Indicators - World Bank (2026). Accessed on 2026-02-27.

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Urban land area”. Our World in Data (2026). Data adapted from Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - NASA SEDAC Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ), via World Bank. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/urban-land-area.html [online resource] (archived on March 4, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - NASA SEDAC Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ), via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data

Full citation

Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - NASA SEDAC Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ), via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. “Urban land area” [dataset]. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) - NASA SEDAC Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ), via World Bank, “World Development Indicators 125” [original data]. Retrieved April 1, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/urban-land-area.html (archived on March 4, 2026).

Quick download

Download the data shown in this chart as a ZIP file containing a CSV file, metadata in JSON format, and a README. The CSV file can be opened in Excel, Google Sheets, and other data analysis tools.

Data API

Use these URLs to programmatically access this chart's data and configure your requests with the options below. Our documentation provides more information on how to use the API, and you can find a few code examples below.

Data URL (CSV format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false
Metadata URL (JSON format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false

Code examples

Examples of how to load this data into different data analysis tools.

Excel / Google Sheets
=IMPORTDATA("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Python with Pandas
import pandas as pd
import requests

# Fetch the data.
df = pd.read_csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", storage_options = {'User-Agent': 'Our World In Data data fetch/1.0'})

# Fetch the metadata
metadata = requests.get("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false").json()
R
library(jsonlite)

# Fetch the data
df <- read.csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")

# Fetch the metadata
metadata <- fromJSON("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Stata
import delimited "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", encoding("utf-8") clear